Babylonian conception, 9th century BC, Babylon

Greek conception Link to heading

Herodotus’ map, 5th century BC, Greece

Ptolemy’s map, 2nd century AD, Roman Empire

Islamicate conception Link to heading

al-Balkhi’s map, 10th century, Abbasid Caliphate

al-Iṣṭakhrī’s map, 10th century, Abbasid Caliphate

Ibn Hawqal’s map, 10th century, Abbasid Caliphate

al-Masudi’s map, 10th century, Abbasid Caliphate

Tabula Rogeriana by al-Idrisi, 1154, Sicily

European conception Link to heading

Mappa mundi d’Albi, 8th century, France

Fra Mauro map, c. 1450, Venice

Asian conception Link to heading

Gangnido, 1402, Korea

Selden map, c. 1607, China